Certain Definitions.  For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:

“Acquiring Person” means any Person who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates (as such terms are hereinafter defined) of such Person, shall become (a) the Tax Owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding or (b) the Beneficial Owner of 9.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding, in each case, after the Measurement Time.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term Acquiring Person shall not include (A) (i) the Company, (ii) any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) any employee benefit plan or compensation arrangement of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or (iv) any Person holding shares of Common Stock of the Company organized, appointed or established by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such employee benefit plan or compensation arrangement (the Persons described in clauses (i) through (iv) above are referred to herein as “Exempt Persons”); and (B) any Person who acquires Common Stock in an Exempt Transaction or any Grandfathered Person, unless such Grandfathered Person becomes the Tax Owner of a percentage of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding equal to or exceeding such Grandfathered Person’s Grandfathered Percentage.

A Person shall be deemed to be “Acting in Concert” with another Person if such Person knowingly acts (whether or not pursuant to an express agreement, arrangement or understanding) in concert or in parallel with such other Person, or towards a common goal with such other Person, relating to (a) acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of voting securities of the Company or (b) changing or influencing the control of the Company or in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having that purpose or effect, where (i) each Person is conscious of the other Person’s conduct or intent and this awareness is an element in their decision-making processes and (ii) at least one additional factor supports a determination by the Board that such Persons intended to act in concert or in parallel, which such additional factors may include, without limitation, exchanging information, attending meetings, conducting discussions, or making or soliciting invitations to act in concert or in parallel.  A Person who is Acting in Concert with another Person shall also be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any third Person who is also Acting in Concert with such other Person.

“Affiliate” and “Associate” shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations (the “Rules”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as in effect on the date of this Agreement and, to the extent not included within the foregoing, shall also include, with respect to any Person, any other Person whose shares of Common Stock would be deemed constructively owned or owned by attribution by such first Person pursuant to the provisions of Section 382; provided, however, that no Person who is a director or officer of the Company shall be deemed an Affiliate or an Associate of any other director or officer of the Company solely as a result of his or her position as director or officer of the Company.

A Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of and shall be deemed to “Beneficially Own” any securities:

which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, within the meaning of Rules 13d-3 or 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, as in effect on the date of this Agreement;

which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates has (i) the right or ability to vote, cause to be voted or control or direct the voting of pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially own, any security if the agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such security (A) arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given to such Person in response to a public proxy or consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable Rules and (B) is not also then reportable on a statement on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor report) or (ii) the right or the obligation to become the Beneficial Owner (whether such right is exercisable or such obligation is required to be performed immediately or only after the passage of time, the occurrence of conditions or the satisfaction of regulatory requirements) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing (other than customary agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with respect to a bona fide public offering of securities), written or otherwise, or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, rights (other than the Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise, through conversion of a security, pursuant to the power to revoke a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement, pursuant to the power to terminate a repurchase or similar so-called “stock-borrowing” agreement or arrangement, or pursuant to the automatic termination of a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed to be the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially own, securities tendered pursuant to a tender or an exchange offer made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable Rules until such tendered securities are accepted for purchase or exchange;

which are beneficially owned (within the meaning of the preceding subsections of this Section 1.4), directly or indirectly, by any other Person with which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates (i) has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company or cooperating in obtaining, changing or influencing the control of the Company or (ii) is Acting in Concert; or

which are the subject of, or the reference securities for, or that underlie, any Derivative Position of such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, with the number of Common Stock deemed beneficially owned in respect of a Derivative Position being the notional or other number of Common Stock in respect of such Derivative Position (without regard to any short or similar position) that is specified in (i) one or more filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission by such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert or (ii) the documentation evidencing such Derivative Position as the basis upon which the value or settlement amount of such Derivative Position, or the opportunity of the holder of such Derivative Position to profit or share in any profit, is to be calculated in whole or in part (whichever of (i) or (ii) is greater), or if no such number of Common Stock is specified in such filings or documentation (or such documentation is not available to the Board), as determined by the Board in its reasonable discretion.

“Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

“Certificate of Incorporation” when used in reference to the Company shall mean the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as may be amended from time to time, of the Company.

“Close of Business” on any given date shall mean 5:00 p.m., New York, New York time, on such date, but if such date is not a Business Day it shall mean 5:00 p.m., New York, New York time, on the next succeeding Business Day.

“Common Stock” when used in reference to the Company shall mean the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, or any other shares of capital stock of the Company into which such stock shall be reclassified or changed.  “Common Stock” when used with reference to any Person other than the Company organized in corporate form shall mean (a) the capital stock or other equity interest of such Person with the greatest voting power, (b) the equity securities or other equity interest having power to control or direct the management of such Person or (c) if such Person is a Subsidiary of another Person, the Person or Persons which ultimately control such first-mentioned Person and which have issued any such outstanding capital stock, equity securities or equity interest.  “Common Stock” when used with reference to any Person not organized in corporate form shall mean units of beneficial interest which (x) shall represent the right to participate generally in the profits and losses of such Person (including any flow-through tax benefits resulting from an ownership interest in such Person) and (y) shall be entitled to exercise the greatest voting power of such Person or, in the case of a limited partnership, shall have the power to remove or otherwise replace the general partner or partners.

“Derivative Position” shall mean any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or other security, contract right or derivative position or similar right (including any “swap” transaction with respect to any security, other than a broad based market basket or index), whether or not presently exercisable, that has an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to the value of the Common Stock or a value determined in whole or in part with reference to, or derived in whole or in part from, the value of the Common Stock and that increases in value as the market price or value of the Common Stock increases or that provides an opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase in the value of the Common Stock, in each case regardless of whether (a) it conveys any voting rights in such Common Stock to any Person, (b) it is required to be, or capable of being, settled through delivery of Common Stock or (c) any Person (including the holder of such Derivative Position) may have entered into other transactions that hedge its economic effect.

“Exempt Transaction” shall mean any transaction that the Independent Directors, in their sole discretion, have declared exempt pursuant to Section 23.4, which determination shall be irrevocable with respect to such transaction.

“Fair Market Value” of any securities or other property shall be as determined in accordance with Section 11.4.

“Grandfathered Percentage” shall mean, with respect to any Grandfathered Person, (a) the percentage of outstanding shares of Common Stock set forth for such Grandfathered Person on Schedule A hereto and (b) for any Grandfathered Person whose name is not set forth on Schedule A hereto, the percentage of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company that such Grandfathered Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Grandfathered Person, Tax Owns as of the Measurement Time, plus an additional 0.5%; provided, however, that, if any Grandfathered Person shall sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of any outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company after the Measurement Time, or if the percentage of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company that such Grandfathered Person Tax Owns is reduced as a result of the issuance of additional securities of the Company after the Measurement Time, the Grandfathered Percentage shall, subsequent to such sale, transfer, disposition or dilutive event, mean, with respect to such Grandfathered Person, the lesser of (i) the Grandfathered Percentage as in effect immediately prior to such sale, transfer, disposition, or dilutive event or (ii) the percentage of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company that such Grandfathered Person Tax Owns immediately following such sale, transfer, disposition or dilutive event, plus an additional 0.5%.

“Grandfathered Person” shall mean (a) the Persons whose names are set forth on Schedule A hereto and (b) any other Person who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, is, as of the Measurement Time, the Tax Owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in this Agreement, any Grandfathered Person who after the Measurement Time becomes the Tax Owner of less than 4.99% of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding (whether as a result of a sale, transfer or disposition of shares by such Grandfathered Person, the issuance of additional shares of the Company after the Measurement Time, or otherwise) shall cease to be a Grandfathered Person and shall be subject to all of the provisions of this Agreement in the same manner as any Person who is not and was not a Grandfathered Person.

“Independent Director” shall mean any director of the Company who is an “independent director” under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Exchange and also is not (a) a director, an officer or an employee of a Grandfathered Person, (b) a director, an officer or an employee of an Affiliate or Associate of a Grandfathered Person or (iii) a Grandfathered Person or an Affiliate or an Associate of a Grandfathered Person.

“Measurement Time” shall mean the Close of Business on December 29, 2020.

“Person” shall mean (a) an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a business trust, a government or political subdivision, any unincorporated organization, or any other association or entity including any successor (by merger or otherwise) thereof or thereto, and (b) a “group” as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act.

“Preferred Stock” shall mean shares of Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, having the rights and preferences set forth in the form of Exhibit A.

“Section 13 Event” shall mean any event described in clauses (a), (b) or (c) of Section 13.1.

“Section 382” shall mean Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”).

“Stock Acquisition Date” shall mean the date of the first public announcement (which for purposes of this definition shall include the issuance of a press release or the filing of a publicly-available report or other document with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental agency) by the Company, acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Board, or by an Acquiring Person, subject in each case to the last paragraph of Section 1.1, that an Acquiring Person has become such.

“Subsidiary” shall mean, with reference to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which securities or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power sufficient, in the absence of contingencies, to elect a majority of the board of directors or other persons performing similar functions of such corporation or other entity are at the time directly or indirectly Beneficially Owned or otherwise controlled by such Person either alone or together with one or more Affiliates of such Person.

“Tax Benefits” shall mean the net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business carryovers, alternative minimum tax credit carryovers and foreign tax credit carryovers, as well as any loss or deduction attributable to a “net unrealized built-in loss” within the meaning of Section 382, of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

A Person shall be deemed the “Tax Owner” of, and shall be deemed to “Tax Own” and have “Tax Ownership” of, any securities:

which such Person beneficially owns (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 of the Rules, as in effect on the date of this Agreement); provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the “Tax Owner” of, or to “Tax Own” securities (including rights, options or warrants) which are convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for Common Stock except to the extent that the acquisition or transfer of such rights, options or warrants would reasonably be expected to be treated as exercised on the date of its acquisition or transfer under Section 1.382.4(d) or other applicable sections of the Treasury Regulations;

which such Person, has:

the right to acquire (whether or not such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time or upon the satisfaction of any conditions or both) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) (other than customary agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with respect to a bona fide public offering of securities), including, for the avoidance of doubt, through agreements to enter into agreements that permit a Person to purchase such securities, or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, rights (other than the Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the “Tax Owner” of, or to “Tax Own” securities (including rights, options or warrants) which are convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for Common Stock except to the extent that the acquisition or transfer of such rights, options or warrants would reasonably be expected to be treated as exercised on the date of its acquisition or transfer under Section 1.382-4(d) or other applicable sections of the Treasury Regulations; provided, further, that a Person shall not be deemed the “Tax Owner” of, or to “Tax Own” or have “Tax Ownership” of, (1) securities tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by or on behalf of such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates until such tendered securities are accepted for purchase or exchange; (2) securities issuable upon the exercise of the Rights at any time prior to the occurrence of a Triggering Event; or (3) securities issuable upon the exercise of the Rights from and after the occurrence of a Triggering Event, which Rights were acquired by such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates prior to the Distribution Date or pursuant to Sections 3.1, 11.7 or 19; or

the right to vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing), but only if the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding is to treat such Person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) or other applicable sections of the Treasury Regulations; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the “Tax Owner” of, or to “Tax Own” or have “Tax Ownership” of, any security under this Section 1.23(b)(ii) if the (1) agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such security (i) arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a public proxy or consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the applicable Rules and (ii) is not also then reportable by such person on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor report) or (2) such “Tax Ownership” arises solely as a result of such Person’s status as a “clearing agency” as defined in the Exchange Act; or

the right to dispose of pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) (other than customary arrangements with and between underwriters and selling group members with respect to a bona fide public offering of securities), but only if the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding would reasonably be expected to treat such Person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) or other applicable sections of the Treasury Regulations; or

which are Tax Owned, directly or indirectly, by any other Person with which such Person has any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) (other than customary agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with respect to a bona fide public offering of securities) for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except pursuant to a revocable proxy or consent as described in Section 1.23(b)(ii)) or disposing of any securities of the Company but only if the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding would reasonably be expected to treat such Person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) or other applicable sections of the Treasury Regulations;

which such Person would be deemed to constructively own or own through attribution or which otherwise would be aggregated with the shares owned by such Person pursuant to Section 382;

“Treasury Regulations” shall mean U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated from time to time under the Code.

“Triggering Event” shall mean any Section 11.1(a) Event or any Section 13 Event.

Appointment of Rights Agent.  The Company hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as rights agent for the Company in accordance with the express terms and conditions hereof (and no implied terms and conditions), and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment.  The Company may from time to time appoint such Co-Rights Agents as it may deem necessary or desirable.  If the Company appoints one or more Co-Rights Agents, the respective duties of the Rights Agent and any Co-Rights Agents shall be as the Company shall determine.  The Company shall give ten-days’ prior written notice to the Rights Agent of the appointment of one or more Co-Rights Agents and the respective duties of the Rights Agent and any such Co-Rights Agents.  The Rights Agent shall have no duty to supervise, and shall in no event be liable for, the acts or omissions of any such Co-Rights Agent.

Issue of Right Certificates.

From the date hereof until the earlier of (a) the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day after the Stock Acquisition Date or (b) the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day (or such later day, if any, as the Independent Directors may determine in their sole discretion) after the date a tender or exchange offer by any Person, other than an Exempt Person, is first published or sent or given within the meaning of Rule 14d-4(a) of the Exchange Act, or any successor rule, if, upon consummation thereof, such Person could become (i) the Tax Owner of 4.99% (or in the case of a Grandfathered Person, the Grandfathered Percentage applicable to such Grandfathered Person) or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding or (ii) the Beneficial Owner of 9.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding (including any such date which is after the date of this Agreement and prior to the issuance of the Rights) (the earliest of such dates being herein referred to as the “Distribution Date”), (x) the Rights will be evidenced (subject to Section 3.2) by the certificates for the shares of Common Stock of the Company registered in the names of the holders of the Common Stock of the Company or, in the case of uncertificated shares of Common Stock of the Company registered in book entry form (“Book Entry Shares”), by notation in accounts reflecting the ownership of such shares of Common Stock of the Company (which certificates for Common Stock and Book Entry Shares, as applicable, of the Company shall also be deemed also to be Rights Certificates (as defined below)) and not by separate certificates, and (y) the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of the underlying shares of Common Stock of the Company.  As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will, if requested to do so by the Company (and if provided with all necessary information and documentation, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Rights Agent), at the Company’s expense send, by first-class, insured, postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of the Common Stock of the Company as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company or the transfer agent or registrar for the shares of Common Stock, one or more certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit B hereto (the “Right Certificates”), evidencing one Right for each share of Common Stock of the Company so held, subject to adjustment as provided herein.  If an adjustment in the number of Rights per share of Common Stock of the Company has been made pursuant to Section 11.14, the Company may make the necessary and appropriate rounding adjustments (in accordance with Section 14.1) at the time of distribution of the Right Certificates, so that Right Certificates representing only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash is paid in lieu of any fractional Rights.  As of and after the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced solely by such Right Certificates.  The Company shall promptly notify the Rights Agent in writing upon the occurrence of the Distribution Date and, if such notification is given orally, the Company shall confirm the same in writing within two Business Days.  Until such written notice is received by the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent may presume conclusively for all purposes that the Distribution Date has not occurred.

With respect to certificates or Book Entry Shares for shares of Common Stock of the Company issued prior to the Close of Business on the Record Date, the Rights will be evidenced by such certificates for shares of Common Stock or by notation in accounts reflecting the ownership of such shares of Common Stock, as applicable, of the Company on or until the Distribution Date (or the earlier redemption, expiration or termination of the Rights), and the registered holders of shares of Common Stock of the Company shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights.  Until the Distribution Date (or the earlier redemption, expiration or termination of the Rights), the transfer of any of the certificates for shares of Common Stock or Book Entry Shares of the Company outstanding prior to the date of this Agreement shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with shares of Common Stock of the Company represented by such certificate or Book Entry Shares.

Certificates for shares of Common Stock of the Company issued after the Record Date, but prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date, shall also be deemed to be certificates for the Rights, and shall bear a legend, substantially in the form set forth below:

Form of Right Certificates.

The Right Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase shares and of assignment and certificate to be printed on the reverse thereof) shall each be substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto and may have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate (which shall not affect the rights, duties, liabilities, protections or responsibilities of the Rights Agent hereunder) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any applicable law, rule or regulation or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be listed, or to conform to customary usage.  The Right Certificates shall be in a machine printable format and in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Rights Agent.  Subject to the provisions of Section 11 and Section 19, the Right Certificates, whenever distributed, shall be dated as of the Record Date, shall show the date of countersignature, and on their face shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock as shall be set forth therein at the price set forth therein (the “Exercise Price”), but the number of such shares and the Exercise Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

Any Right Certificate issued pursuant to Section 3.1 or Section 19 that represents Rights Tax Owned or Beneficially Owned by (a) an Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (b) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or (c) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (i) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom the Acquiring Person has any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) regarding the transferred Rights, the shares of Common Stock of the Company associated with such Rights or the Company or (ii) a transfer which the Independent Directors have determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of Section 7.5, and any Right Certificate issued pursuant to Section 6, Section 11 or Section 21 upon the transfer, exchange, replacement or adjustment of any other Right Certificate referred to in this sentence, shall have deleted therefrom the second sentence of the existing legend on such Right Certificate and in substitution therefor shall contain the following legend:

Countersignature and Registration.

The Right Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board, its President or any Vice President and by its Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed thereto the Company’s seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested to by the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature.  The Right Certificates shall be countersigned, either manually or by facsimile signature, by an authorized signatory of the Rights Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned, and such countersignature upon any Right Certificate shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Right Certificate has been duly countersigned as required hereunder.  In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Right Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by an authorized signatory of the Rights Agent, and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as though the person who signed such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Right Certificates may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate, shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign such Right Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such person was not such an officer.  In case any authorized signatory of the Rights Agent who has countersigned any Right Certificate ceases to be an authorized signatory of the Rights Agent before issuance and delivery by the Company, such Right Certificate, nevertheless, may be issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as though the person who countersigned such Right Certificate had not ceased to be an authorized signatory of the Rights Agent; and any Right Certificate may be countersigned on behalf of the Rights Agent by any person who, at the actual date of the countersignature of such Right Certificate, is properly authorized to countersign such Right Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such person was not so authorized.

Following the Distribution Date, upon receipt by the Rights Agent of notice to that effect and all other relevant information and documentation referred to in Section 3.1, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at its office or offices designated as the appropriate place for surrender of Right Certificates upon exercise or transfer, books for registration and transfer of the Right Certificates issued hereunder.  Such books shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Right Certificates and the date of each of the Right Certificates.

Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates ; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates.

Subject to Section 4.2, Section 7.5 and Section 14, at any time after the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, and at or prior to the Close of Business on the Expiration Date, any Right Certificate or Certificates may be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for another Right Certificate or Certificates, entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock (or following a Triggering Event, Common Stock of the Company, cash, property, debt securities, Preferred Stock or any combination thereof, including any such securities, cash or property following a Section 13 Event) as the Right Certificate or Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder to purchase and at the same Exercise Price.  Any registered holder desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Right Certificate or Certificates to be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged, with the form of assignment and certificate duly executed, at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, along with a signature guarantee and such other and further documentation as the Company or the Rights Agent may reasonably request.  Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such surrendered Right Certificate until the registered holder shall have properly completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse side of such Right Certificate and shall have provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner), any Affiliates or Associates thereof, or of any other Person with which such Beneficial Owner or any of such Beneficial Owner’s Affiliates or Associates has any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing or legally enforceable) for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of securities of the Company, as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably request.  Thereupon the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 4.2, Section 7.5 and Section 14, countersign and deliver to the Person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested.  The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange of Right Certificates.  The Rights Agent shall not have any duty or obligation to take any action under any section of this Agreement that requires the payment of taxes and/or charges unless and until it is satisfied that all such payments have been made, and the Rights Agent shall promptly forward any such sum collected by it to the Company or to such Persons as the Company may specify by written notice.

Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Right Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security satisfactory to them, along with such other and further documentation as the Company or the Rights Agent may reasonably request, and reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Right Certificate, if mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver a new Right Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

Exercise of Rights; Exercise Price; Expiration Date of Rights.

Subject to Section 7.5, the registered holder of any Right Certificate may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby (except as otherwise provided herein) in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate on the reverse side thereof properly completed and duly executed (with such signature duly guaranteed), to the Rights Agent at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, together with payment of the aggregate Exercise Price for the total number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock (or other securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as to which such surrendered Rights are then exercised and an amount equal to any tax or charge required to be paid hereunder, at or prior to the earlier of (a) the Close of Business on January 29, 2028 (the “Final Expiration Date”), (b) the time at which the Rights are redeemed as provided in Section 20 (the “Redemption Date”), (c) the time at which such Rights are exchanged as provided in Section 21 (the “Exchange Date”), (d) the repeal of Section 382 or any successor statute if the Independent Directors determine that this Agreement is no longer necessary for the preservation of Tax Benefits, (e) the beginning of the taxable year of the Company to which the Board determines that no Tax Benefits may be carried forward (the earliest of (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) being herein referred to as the “Expiration Date”).  Except as set forth in Section 7.5 and notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, any Person who prior to the Distribution Date becomes a record holder of shares of Common Stock of the Company may exercise all of the rights of a registered holder of a Right Certificate with respect to the Rights associated with such shares of Common Stock of the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, as of the date such Person becomes a record holder of shares of Common Stock of the Company.  Except for the provisions hereof that expressly survive the termination of this Agreement, this Agreement shall terminate at such time as all of the Rights are no longer exchangeable hereunder.

The Exercise Price for each one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall initially be fifteen United States Dollars (U.S. $15.00), shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Section 11 and Section 13 and shall be payable in lawful money of the United States of America in accordance with Section 7.3.

As promptly as practicable following the Distribution Date, the Company shall deposit with a corporation, trust, bank or similar institution in good standing organized under the laws of the United States or any State of the United States, which is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust or stock transfer powers and is subject to supervision or examination by a federal or state authority (such institution is hereinafter referred to as the “Depositary Agent”), certificates representing the shares of Preferred Stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of the Rights and the Company shall cause such Depositary Agent to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Depositary Agent shall issue receipts representing interests in the shares of Preferred Stock so deposited.  Upon receipt of a Right Certificate representing exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate on the reverse side thereof properly completed and duly executed, accompanied by payment of the Exercise Price for the shares to be purchased and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax (as determined by the Rights Agent) by certified check or bank draft payable to the order of the Company or by money order, the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 18.5(k) and Section 14.1, thereupon promptly (a) requisition from the Depositary Agent (or make available, if the Rights Agent is the Depositary Agent) depositary receipts or certificates for the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock to be purchased and the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes the Depositary Agent to comply with all such requests, (b) when necessary to comply with this Agreement, requisition from the Company the amount of cash, if any, to be paid in lieu of issuance of fractional shares in accordance with Section 14, (c) promptly after receipt of such certificates or depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such holder and (d) when necessary to comply with this Agreement, after receipt of each certificate or depositary receipts promptly deliver such cash to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate.  If the Company is obligated to issue other securities (including Common Stock of the Company) of the Company, pay cash or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11.1, the Company will make all arrangements necessary so that such other securities, cash or other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when appropriate.  The payment of the Exercise Price may be made by certified or bank check payable to the order of the Company, or by money order or wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account of the Company (provided that notice of such wire transfer shall be given by the holder of the related Right to the Rights Agent).

In case the registered holder of any Right Certificate shall properly exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Right Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent and delivered to the registered holder of such Right Certificate or to her duly authorized assigns, subject to the provisions of Section 14.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, from and after the first occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event or Section 13 Event, any Rights Beneficially Owned by (a) an Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (b) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such or (c) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (i) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to the holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom the Acquiring Person has any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred Rights, the shares of Common Stock of the Company associated with such Rights or the Company, or (ii) a transfer which the Independent Directors have determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this Section 7.5, shall be null and void without any further action and no holder of such Rights shall have any rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights, whether under any provision of this Agreement or otherwise.  The Company shall use all reasonable efforts to ensure that the provisions of this Section 7.5 and Section 4.2 are complied with, but shall have no liability to any holder of Right Certificates or other Person as a result of its failure to make any determinations with respect to an Acquiring Person or any Affiliates or Associates of an Acquiring Person or any transferee of any of them hereunder.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any action with respect to a registered holder of Rights upon the occurrence of any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have (a) properly completed and duly executed the certificate contained in the form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Right Certificate surrendered for such exercise, and (b) provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably request.

Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates.  All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or any of its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in canceled form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it, and no Right Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement.  The Company shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any other Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof.  The Rights Agent shall deliver all canceled Right Certificates to the Company.

Reservation and Availability of Preferred Stock.

The Company will cause to be reserved and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Preferred Stock or any authorized and issued shares of Preferred Stock held in its treasury, the number of shares of Preferred Stock that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding and exercisable Rights.  Upon the occurrence of any events resulting in an increase in the aggregate number of shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding Rights in excess of the number then reserved, the Company shall make appropriate increases in the number of shares so reserved.

The Company shall use its best efforts to cause, from and after such time as the Rights become exercisable, all shares of Preferred Stock issued or reserved for issuance to be listed, upon official notice of issuance, upon the principal national securities exchange, if any, upon which the Common Stock of the Company is listed or, if the principal market for the Common Stock of the Company is not on any national securities exchange, to be eligible for quotation on such system as the Common Stock is then quoted.

The Company shall use its best efforts to (a) file, as soon as practicable following the earliest date after the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event on which the consideration to be delivered by the Company upon exercise of the Rights has been determined in accordance with Section 11.1(c), or as soon as required by law following the Distribution Date, as the case may be, a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), with respect to the securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, (b) cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such filing and (c) cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus that at all times meets the requirements of the Securities Act) until the earlier of (i) the date as of which the Rights are no longer exercisable for such securities or (ii) the Expiration Date.  The Company will also take such action as may be appropriate under, and which will ensure compliance with, the securities or “blue sky” laws of the various states in connection with the exercisability of the Rights.  The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed ninety days after the date determined in accordance with the provisions of the first sentence of this Section 9.3, the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file such registration statement and permit it to become effective.  Upon such suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect, in each case with prompt written notice to the Rights Agent.  Notwithstanding any such provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable in any jurisdiction unless the requisite qualification in such jurisdiction shall have been obtained.

The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all shares of Preferred Stock delivered upon the exercise of the Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates or depositary receipts for such shares (subject to the payment of the Exercise Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable.

The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges which may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right Certificates or of any certificates for shares of Preferred Stock and/or other property upon the exercise of Rights.  The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any transfer tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Right Certificates or the issuance or delivery of other securities or property to a person other than, or in respect of the issuance or delivery of securities or other property in a name other than that of, the registered holder of the Right Certificates evidencing the Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver any certificates for securities or other property in a name other than that of the registered holder upon the exercise of any Rights until such tax shall have been paid (any such tax being payable by the holder of such Right Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company’s satisfaction that no such tax is due.

Preferred Stock Record Date.  Each Person in whose name any certificate for Preferred Stock or other securities (including any fraction of a share of Preferred Stock or such other securities) is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the shares of Preferred Stock or such other securities represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Exercise Price (and any applicable transfer taxes) was made; provided, however, that if the date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the transfer books of the Company for the Preferred Stock or such other securities, as applicable, are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares of Preferred Stock or such other securities on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the transfer books of the Company are open; and further provided, however, that if the delivery of shares of Preferred Stock or such other securities is delayed pursuant to Section 9.3, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares of Preferred Stock or such other securities only when such shares or such other securities first become deliverable.  Prior to the exercise of the Right evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including the right to vote, to receive dividends or other distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

Adjustment of Exercise Price, Number and Kind of Shares or Number of Rights.  The Exercise Price, the number and kind of shares covered by each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 11.

Adjustment Events

If the Company shall at any time after the date of this Agreement (i) declare a dividend on the Preferred Stock payable in shares of Preferred Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Stock, (iii) combine the outstanding Preferred Stock into a smaller number of shares or (iv) issue, change or alter any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification or recapitalization of the Preferred Stock (including any such reclassification or recapitalization in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving Person), except as otherwise provided in this Section 11.1 and Section 7.5, the Exercise Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or the effective time of such subdivision, combination, reclassification or recapitalization, and the number and kind of shares of capital stock issuable on such date or at such time, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive the aggregate number and kind of shares of capital stock which, if such Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time when the Preferred Stock transfer books of the Company were open, such holder would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination, reclassification or recapitalization; provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of a Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon the exercise of a Right.  If an event occurs which would require an adjustment under both Section 11.1(a) and Section 11.1(b), the adjustment provided for in this Section 11.1(a) shall be in addition to, and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to Section 11.1(b).

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, if any Person, alone or together with its Affiliates and Associates, shall become an Acquiring Person, then, promptly following any such occurrence (a “Section 11.1(b) Event”), proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a Right, except as provided in Section 7.5, shall thereafter have a right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Exercise Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, in lieu of a number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock, such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company as shall equal the result obtained by (i) multiplying the then current Exercise Price by the then number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event, whether or not such Right was then exercisable, and dividing that product by (ii) 50% of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock of the Company (determined pursuant to Section 11.4) on the date of the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event (such number of shares being referred to as the “Adjustment Shares”).

In lieu of issuing any shares of Common Stock of the Company in accordance with Section 11.1(b), the Company, acting by or pursuant to a resolution of the Board, may, and if the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company which are authorized by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation but not outstanding or reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon the exercise of the Rights is not sufficient to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with the 11.1(b)), the Company, acting by or pursuant to a resolution of the Board, shall:  (i) determine the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of the Adjustment Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the “Current Value”) over (B) the Exercise Price attributable to each Right (such excess being referred to as the “Spread”) and (ii) with respect to all or a portion of each Right (subject to Section 7.5), make adequate provision to substitute for the Adjustment Shares, upon payment of the applicable Exercise Price, (1) Common Stock of the Company or equity securities, if any, of the Company other than Common Stock of the Company (including shares, or units of shares, of Preferred Stock that the Board has determined to have the same value as the shares of Common Stock of the Company (such shares of Preferred Stock being referred to herein as “Common Stock Equivalents”)), (2) cash, (3) a reduction in the Exercise Price, (4) Preferred Stock Equivalents (as hereinafter defined) which the Board has deemed to have the same value as the shares of Common Stock of the Company, (5) debt securities of the Company, (6) other assets or securities of the Company or (7) any combination of the foregoing, having an aggregate value equal to the Current Value, where such aggregate value has been determined by the Board after receiving the advice of a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board; provided, however, that if the Company shall not have made adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (ii) above within thirty days following the later of (x) the first occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event and (y) the date on which the Company’s right of redemption pursuant to Section 20.1 expires (the later of (x) and (y) being referred to herein as the “Section 11.1(b) Trigger Date”), then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the surrender for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of the Exercise Price, shares of Common Stock of the Company (to the extent available) and then, if necessary, cash, which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value equal to the Spread.  If the Board shall determine in good faith that it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Common Stock of the Company could be authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the Rights, the thirty-day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary, but not more than ninety days after the Section 11.1(b) Trigger Date, in order that the Company may seek stockholder approval for the authorization of such additional shares (such period, as it may be extended, being referred to herein as the “Substitution Period”).  To the extent that the Company determines that some action need be taken pursuant to the first and/or second sentences of this Section 11.1(c), the Company (x) shall provide, subject to Section 7.5, that such action shall apply uniformly to all outstanding Rights and (y) may suspend the exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in order to seek any authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant to such first sentence and to determine the value thereof.  In the event of any such suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended and a public announcement at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect, in each case with prompt written notice to the Rights Agent.  For purposes of this Section 11.1(c), the value of the Common Stock of the Company and of the Preferred Stock shall be the Fair Market Value (as determined pursuant to Section 11.4) per share of the Common Stock of the Company and the Preferred Stock, respectively, on the Section 11.1(b) Trigger Date, the value of any Common Stock Equivalent shall be deemed to have the same value as the Common Stock of the Company on such date and the value of any Preferred Stock Equivalent shall be deemed to have the same value as the Preferred Stock on such date.

If the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling them (for a period expiring within forty-five calendar days after such record date) to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Stock (or securities having the same or more favorable rights, privileges and preferences as the shares of Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock Equivalents”)) or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or Preferred Stock Equivalents at a price per share of Preferred Stock or per share of Preferred Stock Equivalents (or having a conversion price per share, if a security convertible into Preferred Stock or Preferred Stock Equivalents) less than the Fair Market Value (as determined pursuant to Section 11.4) per share of Preferred Stock on such record date, the Exercise Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of shares of Preferred Stock which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or Preferred Stock Equivalents to be offered (and the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities so to be offered) would purchase at such Fair Market Value and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of additional shares of Preferred Stock and Preferred Stock Equivalents to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities so to be offered are initially convertible); provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of a Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of stock of the Company issuable upon the exercise of a Right.  In case such subscription price may be paid in a consideration part or all of which shall be in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be the Fair Market Value thereof determined in accordance with Section 11.4.  Any shares of Preferred Stock owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation.  Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and if such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Exercise Price shall be adjusted to be the Exercise Price which would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

If the Company shall fix a record date for the making of a distribution to all holders of Preferred Stock (including any such distribution made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), of evidences of indebtedness, cash (other than a regular periodic cash dividend out of the earnings or retained earnings of the Company), assets (other than a dividend payable in Preferred Stock, but including any dividend payable in stock other than Preferred Stock) or convertible securities, subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11.2), the Exercise Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the Fair Market Value (as determined pursuant to Section 11.4) per one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock on such record date, less the Fair Market Value (as determined pursuant to Section 11.4) of the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so to be distributed or of such convertible securities, subscription rights or warrants applicable to one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock and the denominator of which shall be the Fair Market Value (as determined pursuant to Section 11.4) per one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock; provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of a Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of stock of the Company issuable upon the exercise of a Right.  Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and if such distribution is not so made, the Exercise Price shall again be adjusted to be the Exercise Price which would be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

For the purpose of this Agreement, the “Fair Market Value” of any share of Preferred Stock, Common Stock or any other stock or any Right or other security or any other property shall be determined as provided in this Section 11.4.

In the case of a publicly-traded stock or other security, the Fair Market Value on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such stock or per unit of such other security for the thirty consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter defined) immediately prior to such date; provided, however, that if the Fair Market Value per share of any share of stock is determined during a period following the announcement by the issuer of such stock of (i) a dividend or distribution on such stock payable in shares of such stock or securities convertible into shares of such stock or (ii) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of such stock, and prior to the expiration of the thirty-Trading Day period after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification, then, and in each such case, the Fair Market Value shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend trading.  The closing price for each day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq or, if the securities are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such securities are listed or admitted to trading; or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price (or, if not so quoted, the average of the last quoted high bid and low asked prices) in the over-the- counter market, as reported by the OTC Bulletin Board, the Pink Sheets or such other system then in use; or, if on any such date no bids for such securities are quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such security selected by the Board.  If on any such date no market maker is making a market in any such security, the Fair Market Value of such security on such date shall be determined reasonably and with utmost good faith to the holders of the Rights by the Board, provided, however, that if at the time of such determination there is an Acquiring Person, the Fair Market Value of any such security on such date shall be determined by a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board, which determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights.  The term “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which any such security is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if such security is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a Business Day.

If a security is not publicly held or not so listed or traded, “Fair Market Value” shall mean the fair value per share of stock or per other unit of such security, determined reasonably and in good faith to the holders of the Rights by the Board; provided, however, that if at the time of such determination there is an Acquiring Person, the Fair Market Value of such security on such date shall be determined by a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board, which determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights; provided, however, that for the purposes of making any adjustment provided for by Section 11.1(b), the Fair Market Value of a share of Preferred Stock shall not be less than the product of the then Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock multiplied by the higher of the then Dividend Multiple or Vote Multiple (as both of such terms are defined in the Certificate of Designations attached as Exhibit A hereto) applicable to the Preferred Stock and shall not exceed 105% of the product of the then Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock multiplied by the higher of the then Dividend Multiple or Vote Multiple applicable to the Preferred Stock.

In the case of property other than securities, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined reasonably and in good faith to the holders of the Rights by the Board; provided, however, that if at the time of such determination there is an Acquiring Person, the Fair Market Value of such property on such date shall be determined by a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board, which determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding upon the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights.

Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in the Exercise Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least 1.0% in the Exercise Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11.5 are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment.  All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one-millionth of a share of Common Stock of the Company or hundred-millionth of a share of Preferred Stock, as the case may be, or to such other figure as the Board may deem appropriate.  Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11.5, any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (a) three years from the date of the transaction which mandates such adjustment or (b) the Expiration Date.

If as a result of any provision of Section 11.1 or Section 13.1, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than Preferred Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon the exercise of any Right shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock contained in Section 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4 and 11.6 through 11.10, inclusive, and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 with respect to the Preferred Stock shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any adjustment made to the Exercise Price hereunder shall evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Exercise Price, the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock (or other securities or amount of cash or combination thereof) purchasable from time to time hereunder upon the exercise of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as provided in Section 11.9, upon each adjustment of the Exercise Price as a result of the calculations made in Section 11.2 and 11.3, each Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Exercise Price, that number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest hundred-millionth) as the Board determines is appropriate to preserve the economic value of the Rights, including, by way of example, that number obtained by (a) multiplying (i) the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right may be exercisable immediately prior to this adjustment by (ii) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the Exercise Price and (b) dividing the product so obtained by the Exercise Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Exercise Price.

The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the Exercise Price to adjust the number of Rights, in substitution for any adjustment in the number of shares of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the exercise of a Right.  Each of the Rights outstanding after the adjustment in the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such adjustment.  Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one-millionth) obtained by dividing the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Exercise Price by the Exercise Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Exercise Price.  The Company shall make a public announcement of its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made.  This record date may be the date on which the Exercise Price is adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Right Certificates have been issued, shall be at least ten-days later than the date of the public announcement.  If any Right Certificates have been issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11.9, the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to the holders of record of Right Certificates on such record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14, the additional Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of adjustment, and upon the surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Right Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment.  The Right Certificates so to be distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted Exercise Price) and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of the Right Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement.

Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price or the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued may continue to express the Exercise Price per share and the number of shares which were expressed in the initial Right Certificates issued hereunder without prejudice to any adjustment or change.

Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Exercise Price below the then stated value, if any, of the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Preferred Stock at such adjusted Exercise Price.

In any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an adjustment in the Exercise Price be made effective as of a record date for a specified event, the Company may elect to defer until the occurrence of such event the issuing to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock or other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Exercise Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder’s right to receive such additional shares upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment.

Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Exercise Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that in its good faith judgment the Board shall determine to be advisable in order that any consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred Stock, issuance wholly for cash of any shares of Preferred Stock at less than the Fair Market Value, issuance wholly for cash of shares of Preferred Stock or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Preferred Stock, stock dividends or issuance of rights, options or warrants referred to hereinabove in this Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to the holders of its Preferred Stock, shall not be taxable to such stockholders.

The Company shall not, at any time after the Distribution Date and so long as the Rights have not been redeemed pursuant to Section 20 or exchanged pursuant to Section 21, (a) consolidate with (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction that complies with the proviso at the end of this sentence), (b) merge with or into, or (c) sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating 50% or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of which complies with the proviso at the end of this sentence) if (i) at the time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale there are any rights, warrants or other instruments outstanding or agreements or arrangements in effect which would substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights, or (ii) prior to, simultaneously with or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale the stockholders of a Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the “Principal Party” for the purposes of Section 13.1 shall have received a distribution of Rights previously owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates; provided, however, that, subject to the following sentence, this Section 11.14 shall not affect the ability of any Subsidiary of the Company to consolidate with, or merge with or into, or sell or transfer assets or earning power to, any other Subsidiary of the Company.  The Company further covenants and agrees that after the Distribution Date it will not, except as permitted by Section 20 or Section 23.4, take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in the event the Company shall at any time after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Distribution Date (a) declare or pay any dividend on the outstanding Common Stock of the Company payable in shares of Common Stock of the Company or (b) effect a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of dividends in shares of Common Stock of the Company) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock of the Company, then in any such case (i) the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable after such event upon proper exercise of each Right shall be determined by multiplying the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock so purchasable immediately prior to such event by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately after such event, and (ii) each share of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately after such event shall have issued with respect to it that number of Rights which each share of Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such event had issued with respect to it.  The adjustments provided for in this Section 11.15 shall be made successively whenever such a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision, combination or consolidation is effected.

The exercise of the Rights under Section 11.1(b) shall only result in the loss of rights under Section 11.1(b) to the extent so exercised and neither such exercise nor any exchange of the Rights pursuant to Section 21 shall otherwise affect the rights of the holders of Right Certificates under this Agreement, including rights to purchase securities of the Principal Party (as hereinafter defined) following a Section 13 Event which has occurred or may thereafter occur, as set forth in Section 13.  Upon the exercise of a Right Certificate under Section 11.1(b), the Rights Agent shall return such Right Certificate duly marked to indicate that such exercise has occurred.

Certificate of Adjusted Exercise Price or Number of Shares.  Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 or Section 13, the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth such adjustment and a brief statement of the facts accounting for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent and with each transfer agent for the Preferred Stock and the Common Stock of the Company a copy of such certificate and (c) if a Distribution Date has occurred, mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate (or, if prior to the Distribution Date, to each holder of a certificate representing shares of Common Stock of the Company) in accordance with Section 23.1.  The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such certificate and on any adjustments or statements contained therein and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any such adjustment or event unless and until it shall have received such certificate.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power.

If, following the Stock Acquisition Date, directly or indirectly, (a) the Company shall consolidate with, or merge with and into, any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which is not prohibited by Section 11.14), and the Company shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger, (b) any Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which is not prohibited by the proviso at the end of the first sentence of Section 11.14) shall consolidate with the Company, or merge with and into the Company and the Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such merger and, in connection with such merger, all or part of the shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person or cash or any other property, or (c) the Company shall sell, mortgage or otherwise transfer (or one or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell, mortgage or otherwise transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating 50% or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in one or more transactions, each of which is not prohibited by the proviso at the end of the first sentence of Section 11.14), then, and in each such case, proper provision shall be made so that:  (i) each holder of a Right, except as provided in Section 7.5, shall have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Exercise Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such number of validly authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of freely tradable Common Stock of the Principal Party (as hereinafter defined in Section 13.2), free and clear of rights of call or first refusal, liens, encumbrances, transfer restrictions or other adverse claims, as shall be equal to the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then current Exercise Price by the number of one ten-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right is exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event (without taking into account any adjustment previously made pursuant to Section 11.1(b) or 11.1(c)), and dividing that product by (2) 50% of the Fair Market Value (determined pursuant to Section 11.4) per share of the Common Stock of such Principal Party on the date of consummation of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer; (ii) such Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such consolidation, merger, sale, mortgage or transfer, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) the term “Company” shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended that the provisions of Section 11 shall apply to such Principal Party; and (iv) such Principal Party shall take such steps (including the reservation of a sufficient number of shares of its Common Stock to permit the exercise of all outstanding Rights in accordance with this Section 13.1 and the making of payments in cash and/or other securities in accordance with Section 11.1(c)) in connection with such consummation as may be necessary to assure that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to its shares of Common Stock thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights.

“Principal Party” shall mean

in the case of any transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) of the first sentence of Section 13.1, the Person that is the issuer of any securities into which shares of Common Stock of the Company are converted in such merger or consolidation, or, if there is more than one such issuer, the issuer of Common Stock that has the highest aggregate Fair Market Value (determined pursuant to Section 11(d)), and if no securities are so issued, the Person that is the other party to the merger or consolidation, or, if there is more than one such Person, the Person the Common Stock of which has the highest aggregate Fair Market Value (determined pursuant to Section 11.4); and

in the case of any transaction described in clause (c) of the first sentence of Section 13.1, the Person that is the party receiving the greatest portion of the assets or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or transactions, or, if each Person that is a party to such transaction or transactions receives the same portion of the assets or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or transactions or if the Person receiving the largest portion of the assets or earning power cannot be determined, whichever Person the Common Stock of which has the highest aggregate Fair Market Value (determined pursuant to Section 11.4);

The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer unless prior thereto (x) the Principal Party shall have a sufficient number of authorized shares of its Common Stock, which have not been issued or reserved for issuance, to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with this Section 13, and (y) the Company and each Principal Party and each other Person who may become a Principal Party as a result of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement providing for the terms set forth in Section 13.1 and 13.2 and further providing that, as soon as practicable after the date of any consolidation, merger, sale or transfer of assets mentioned in Section 13.1, the Principal Party at its own expense will:

prepare and file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such filing and cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus that at all times meets the requirements of the Securities Act) until the Expiration Date;

qualify or register the Rights and the securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Rights under the blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as may be necessary or appropriate;

list (or continue the listing of) the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on a national securities exchange or to meet the eligibility requirements for listing on an automated quotation system or such other system on which the Common Stock of the Company is then traded; and

deliver to the holders of the Rights historical financial statements for the Principal Party and each of its Affiliates which comply in all respects with the requirements for registration on Form 10 under the Exchange Act.

In case the Principal Party which is to be a party to a transaction referred to in this Section 13 has a provision in any of its authorized securities or in its organizational documents or other instrument governing its affairs, which provision would have the effect of (i) causing such Principal Party to issue (other than to holders of Rights pursuant to this Section 13), in connection with, or as a consequence of, the consummation of a transaction referred to in this Section 13, shares of Common Stock of such Principal Party at less than the then current Fair Market Value (determined pursuant to Section 11.4) or securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock of such Principal Party at less than such Fair Market Value, or (ii) providing for any special payment, tax or similar provisions in connection with the issuance of the Common Stock of such Principal Party pursuant to the provisions of this Section 13, then, in such event, the Company shall not consummate any such transaction unless prior thereto the Company and such Principal Party shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement providing that the provision in question of such Principal Party shall have been canceled, waived or amended, or that the authorized securities shall be redeemed, so that the applicable provision will have no effect in connection with, or as a consequence of, the consummation of the proposed transaction.

The provisions of this Section 13 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers.

Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.

The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of the Rights, except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in Section 11.15, or to distribute Right Certificates which evidence fractional Rights.  If the Company elects not to issue such fractional Rights, the Company shall pay, in lieu of such fractional Rights, to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the Fair Market Value of a whole Right, as determined pursuant to Section 11.4.

The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock) upon the exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock).  In lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock that are not integral multiples of one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, the Company may pay to the registered holders of Right Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the Fair Market Value of one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock.  For purposes of this Section 14.2, the Fair Market Value of one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock shall be determined pursuant to Section 11.4 for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise.

The holder of a Right by the acceptance of the Rights expressly waives her right to receive any fractional Rights or any fractional shares upon the exercise of a Right, except as permitted by this Section 14.

Whenever a payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares is to be made by the Rights Agent, the Company shall (a) promptly prepare and deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in reasonable detail the facts related to such payments and the prices and/or formulas utilized in calculating such payments, and (b) provide sufficient monies to the Rights Agent in the form of fully collected funds to make such payments.  The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying upon such a certificate and shall have no duty with respect to, and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares under any Section of this Agreement relating to the payment of fractional Rights or fractional shares unless and until the Rights Agent shall have received such a certificate and sufficient monies.

Rights of Action.  All rights of action in respect of this Agreement, other than rights of action vested in the Rights Agent pursuant to this Agreement, including Section 18, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right Certificates (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of shares of Common Stock of the Company); and any registered holder of any Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock of the Company), without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, of shares of Common Stock of the Company), may, in such registered holder’s own behalf and for such registered holder’s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his right to exercise the Right evidenced by such Right Certificate in the manner provided in such Right Certificate and in this Agreement.  Without limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically acknowledged that the holders of the Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement and shall be entitled to specific performance of the obligations hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened violations of the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.  The holders of the Rights shall be entitled to recover the reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by them in any action to enforce the provisions of this Agreement.

Agreement of Right Holders.  Every holder of a Right, by accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent and with every other holder of a Right that:

Prior to the Distribution Date, each Right will be transferable only simultaneously and together with the transfer of shares of Common Stock of the Company;

After the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates are transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer;

Subject to Sections 6.1 and 7.6, the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name a Book Entry Share notation or Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated certificate representing Common Stock or Book Entry Share notation, as applicable, of the Company) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the Right Certificates or the associated certificate representing Common Stock of the Company, if applicable, made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and, subject to the last sentence of Section 7.5, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary; and

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of a Right or other Person as the result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligations; provided, however, that the Company must use its best efforts to have any such injunction, order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned as soon as possible.

Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.  No holder, as such, of any Right Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the shares of Preferred Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Right Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Right Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 22, or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof.

Concerning the Rights Agent.

The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses and attorney fees and disbursements and other disbursements incurred in the administration and execution of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder.  The Company also agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability, or expense (including the reasonable documented fees and expenses of outside legal counsel), incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (which gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct must be determined by a final, non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling of a court of competent jurisdiction) on the part of the Rights Agent, for anything done or omitted to be done by the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance and administration of this Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending against any claim of liability arising therefrom, directly or indirectly.  The provisions of this Section 18 shall survive the exercise or the expiration of the Rights, the replacement or removal of the Rights Agent and the expiration or termination of this Agreement.

The Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection with its administration of this Agreement in reliance upon any Right Certificate or certificate representing Common Stock of the Company, Preferred Stock, or other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent, certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to be signed, executed and where necessary, acknowledged or verified, by the proper Person or Persons.  The Rights Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any event of which it was supposed to receive notice thereof hereunder, and the Rights Agent shall be fully protected and shall incur no liability for failing to take action in connection therewith, unless and until it has received such notice in writing.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event will the Rights Agent be liable for special, indirect or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent.

Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the corporate trust or stockholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such Person would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 18.6.  In case at the time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in the name of the predecessor or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be changed and at such time any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver Right Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

Duties of Rights Agent.  The Rights Agent undertakes the duties and obligations expressly imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of the Right Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel selected by it (who may be legal counsel for the Company), and the opinion or advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion or advice.

Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter (including the identity of any Acquiring Person and the determination of “Fair Market Value”) be proved or established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof shall be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by a person believed by the Rights Agent to be the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, a Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent.  Any such certificate shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (which gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct must be determined by a final, non-appealable order, judgment, decree or ruling of a court of competent jurisdiction).  Any liability of the Rights Agent under this Agreement will be limited to the amount of annual fees paid by the Company to the Rights Agent.

The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the Right Certificates (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

The Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility or have any liability in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Right Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible or liable for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be responsible or liable for any change in the exercisability of the Rights (including the Rights becoming void pursuant to Section 7.5) or any adjustment required under the provisions of Sections 11, 13 or 20.3 or responsible or liable for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of the Rights evidenced by the Right Certificates after receipt of a certificate describing any such adjustment furnished in accordance with Section 12), nor shall it be responsible or liable for any determination by the Board of the Fair Market Value of the Rights or shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to the provisions of Section 14; nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock of the Company or shares of Preferred Stock to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether or not any shares of Common Stock of the Company or shares of Preferred Stock will, when so issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder and certificates delivered pursuant to any provision hereof from any person believed by the Rights Agent to be the Chairman of the Board, any Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, a Vice President, the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Company, and is authorized to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its duties, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any such officer.  Any application by the Rights Agent for written instructions from the Company may, at the option of the Rights Agent, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted to be taken by the Rights Agent under this Agreement and the date on or after which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective.  The Rights Agent shall not be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Rights Agent in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date specified in such application (which date shall not be less than five Business Days after the date any officer of the Company actually receives such application, unless any such officer shall have consented in writing to an earlier date) unless, prior to taking any such action (or the effective date in the case of an omission), the Rights Agent shall have received written instructions in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted to be taken.

The Rights Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not the Rights Agent under this Agreement.  Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorneys or agents.

No provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

If, with respect to any Right Certificate surrendered to the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate attached to the form of assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case may be, has either not been completed or indicates an affirmative response to clause (1) or clause (2) thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action with respect to such requested exercise or transfer without first consulting with the Company.

Change of Rights Agent.  The Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement upon thirty-days’ notice in writing mailed to the Company by first class mail, but in the event that the transfer agency relationship in effect between the Company and the Rights Agent with respect to the Common Stock of the Company terminates, the Rights Agent will be deemed to have resigned automatically and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement as of the effective date of such termination, and the Company shall be responsible for sending any required notice.  The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent (with or without cause), effective immediately or on a specified date, by written notice given to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock of the Company and Preferred Stock, and by giving notice to the holders of the Right Certificates by any means reasonably determined by the Company to inform such holders of such removal (including by including such information in one or more of the Company’s reports to stockholders or reports or filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission).  If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent.  If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty-days after giving notice of such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a Right Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his Right Certificate for inspection by the Company), then the registered holder of any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent.  Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be a Person organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any state of the United States, so long as such Person is authorized to do business as a banking institution in such state, in good standing, which is authorized under such laws to exercise stock transfer or corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority and which has, along with its Affiliates, at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.  After appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose.  Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Stock of the Company and the Preferred Stock, and give notice to the holders of the Right Certificates by any means reasonably determined by the Company to inform such holders of such appointment (including by including such information in one or more of the Company’s reports to stockholders or reports or filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission).  Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 18.6, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

Issuance of New Right Certificates.  Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing the Rights in such form as may be approved by the Board to reflect any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price per share and the number or kind or class of shares of stock or other securities or property purchasable under the Right Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.  In addition, in connection with the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock of the Company following the Distribution Date and prior to the redemption or expiration of the Rights, the Company (a) shall, with respect to shares of Common Stock of the Company so issued or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under any employee plan or arrangement, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of securities hereafter issued by the Company, and (b) may, in any other case, if deemed necessary or appropriate by the Board, issue Right Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance or sale; provided, however, that (i) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance would create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or the person to whom such Right Certificate would be issued, and (ii) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, appropriate adjustments shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof.

Redemption.

The Independent Directors may, at their option, redeem all but not less than all of the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.001 per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock dividend declared or paid, any subdivision or combination of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company or any similar event occurring after the date of this Agreement (such redemption price, as adjusted from time to time, being hereinafter referred to as the “Redemption Price”).  The Rights may be redeemed only until the earlier to occur of (a) ten days following the time at which any Person becomes an Acquiring Person or (b) the Expiration Date.  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable after the first occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event until such time as the Company’s right of redemption hereunder has expired.

Immediately upon the action of the Independent Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights in accordance with this Section 20, and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price for each Right so held.  Promptly after the action of the Independent Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights in accordance with this Section 20, the Company shall give notice of such redemption to the Rights Agent and the holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing such notice to the Rights Agent and to all such holders at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for the Common Stock of the Company.  Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice.  Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made.  Neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates or Associates may redeem, acquire or purchase for value any Rights at any time in any manner other than as specifically set forth in this Section 20 or Section 21 or in connection with the purchase of shares of Common Stock of the Company prior to the Distribution Date.

The Company may, at its option, pay the Redemption Price in cash, shares of Common Stock of the Company (based on the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock of the Company as of the time of redemption) or any other form of consideration deemed appropriate by the Independent Directors.

Exchange.

Exchange Right.

The Independent Directors may, at their option, at any time on or after the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event, exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.5) for the shares of Common Stock of the Company at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock of the Company per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (such exchange ratio being hereinafter referred to as the “Section 21.1(a) Exchange Ratio”).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Independent Directors shall not be empowered to effect such exchange at any time after any Person (other than an Exempt Person), together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of 50% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Independent Directors may, at their option, at any time on or after the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event, exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.5) for the shares of Common Stock of the Company at an exchange ratio specified in the following sentence, as appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date of this Agreement.  Subject to the adjustment described in the foregoing sentence, each Right may be exchanged for that number of shares of Common Stock of the Company obtained by dividing the Spread by the then Fair Market Value per one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock on the earlier of (i) the date on which any person becomes an Acquiring Person or (ii) the date on which a tender or an exchange offer by any Person (other than an Exempt Person) is first published or sent or given within the meaning of Rule 14d-4(a) of the Exchange Act or any successor rule, if upon consummation thereof such Person could become an Acquiring Person (such exchange ratio being referred to herein as the “Section 21.1(b) Exchange Ratio”).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Independent Directors shall not be empowered to effect such exchange at any time after any Person (other than an Exempt Person), together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Tax Owner or Beneficial Owner of 50% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company.

Immediately upon the action of the Independent Directors ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to Section 21 and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights pursuant to Section 11.1(b) shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such Rights shall be to receive that number of shares of Common Stock of the Company equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Section 21.1(a) Exchange Ratio or the Section 21.1(b) Exchange Ratio, as applicable; provided, however, that the holder of a Right exchanged pursuant to this Section 21 shall continue to have the right to purchase securities or other property of the Principal Party following a Section 13 Event that has occurred or may thereafter occur.  The Company shall promptly give notice of any such exchange in accordance with Section 23.1 and shall promptly mail a notice of any such exchange to all of the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity of such exchange.  Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice.  Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of the shares of Common Stock of the Company for the Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged.  Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights which have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.5) held by each holder of Rights.

In any exchange pursuant to this Section 21, the Company, at its option, may substitute Preferred Stock (or Preferred Stock Equivalent) for Common Stock of the Company exchangeable for the Rights, at the initial rate of one ten-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock (or Preferred Stock Equivalents) for each share of Common Stock of the Company, as appropriately adjusted to reflect adjustments in the voting rights of the shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to the terms thereof, so that the fraction of a share of Preferred Stock delivered in lieu of each share of Common Stock of the Company shall have the same voting rights as one share of Common Stock of the Company.

If there shall not be sufficient shares of Common Stock of the Company or Preferred Stock (or Preferred Stock Equivalents) issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 21, the Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional shares of Common Stock of the Company or Preferred Stock (or Preferred Stock Equivalent) for issuance upon the exchange of the Rights.

The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Common Stock of the Company or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Common Stock of the Company.  If the Company elects not to issue such fractional shares of Common Stock of the Company, the Company shall pay, in lieu of such fractional shares of Common Stock of the Company, to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional shares of Common Stock of the Company would otherwise be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the Fair Market Value of a whole share of Common Stock of the Company.  For the purposes of this Section 21.5, the Fair Market Value of a whole share of Common Stock of the Company shall be the closing price of a share of Common Stock of the Company (as determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11.4(a)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section 21.

Notice of Certain Events.

If the Company shall propose, at any time after the Distribution Date, (a) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class to the holders of Preferred Stock or to make any other distribution to the holders of Preferred Stock (other than a regular periodic cash dividend out of earnings or retained earnings of the Company), or (b) to offer to the holders of Preferred Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional shares of Preferred Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, rights or options, or (c) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Stock (other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock), or (d) to effect any consolidation or merger into or with, or to effect any sale, mortgage or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale, mortgage or other transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, of 50% or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to, any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in one or more transactions each of which is not prohibited by the proviso at the end of the first sentence of Section 11.14), or (e) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or (f) to declare or pay any dividend on the shares of Common Stock of the Company payable in Common Stock of the Company or to effect a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the shares of Common Stock of the Company (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of dividends in Common Stock of the Company) then in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a Right Certificate and to the Rights Agent, in accordance with Section 23.1, a notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend, distribution of rights or warrants, or the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, liquidation, dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of participation therein by the holders of the shares of Common Stock of the Company and/or Preferred Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action covered by clause (a) or (b) above at least twenty days prior to the record date for determining the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock for purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at least twenty days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the holders of the shares of Common Stock of the Company and/or Preferred Stock, whichever shall be the earlier; provided, however, no such notice shall be required as a result of any Subsidiary of the Company effecting a consolidation or merger with or into, or effecting a sale or other transfer of assets or earnings power to, any other Subsidiary of the Company in a manner not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.

In case any Section 11.1(b) Event shall occur, then, in any such case, the Company shall as soon as practicable thereafter give to each registered holder of a Right Certificate and to the Rights Agent, in accordance with Section 23.1, a notice of the occurrence of such event, which shall specify the event and the consequences of the event to the holders of the Rights under Section 11.1(b).

Miscellaneous.

Notices.  Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Right Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid or by nationally- recognized overnight courier addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Rights Agent) as follows:

Supplements and Amendments.  Prior to the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if the Independent Directors so direct, supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement as the Independent Directors may deem necessary or desirable without the approval of any holders of Common Stock of the Company.  From and after the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if the Independent Directors so direct, supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Right Certificates in order (a) to cure any ambiguity, (b) to correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, (c) to shorten or lengthen any time period hereunder, or (d) to change or supplement the provisions hereof in any manner which the Independent Directors may deem necessary or desirable and which shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Right Certificates (other than an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person); provided, however, that from and after the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event this Agreement may not be supplemented or amended to lengthen, pursuant to clause (c) of this sentence, (A) a time period relating to when the Rights may be redeemed at such time as the Rights are not then redeemable or (B) any other time period unless such lengthening is for the purpose of protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights of, and the benefits to, the holders of Rights (other than an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person).  Any such supplement or amendment shall be evidenced by a writing signed by the Company and the Rights Agent.  Upon the delivery of a certificate from an appropriate officer of the Company which states that the proposed supplement or amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section 23.2, the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement or amendment, and any failure of the Rights Agent to so execute such supplement or amendment shall not affect the validity of the actions taken by the Independent Directors pursuant to this Section 23.2.  Prior to the occurrence of a Section 11.1(b) Event, the interests of the holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the holders of Common Stock of the Company.  The Rights Agent may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any supplement or amendment that affects the Rights Agent’s own rights, duties or obligations under this Agreement.

Successors.  All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

Process to Seek Exemption.  Any Person who desires to effect any acquisition of Common Stock that would, if consummated, result in such Person (together with its Affiliates and Associates) Tax Owning 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock (or, in the case of a Grandfathered Person, the Grandfathered Percentage) or Beneficially Owning 9.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock (a “Requesting Person”) may, prior to the Stock Acquisition Date, and in accordance with this Section 23.4, request that the Independent Directors grant an exemption with respect to such acquisition under this Agreement (an “Exemption Request”).  An Exemption Request shall be in proper form and shall be delivered by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the Secretary of the Company at the principal executive office of the Company.  To be in proper form, an Exemption Request shall set forth (a) the name and address of the Requesting Person, (b) the number and percentage of shares of Common Stock then Beneficially Owned by the Requesting Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of the Requesting Person, (c) a reasonably detailed description of the transaction or transactions by which the Requesting Person would propose to acquire Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock aggregating 4.99% or more of the then outstanding Common Stock (or, in the case of an Grandfathered Person, the Grandfathered Percentage) and the maximum number and percentage of shares of Common Stock that the Requesting Person proposes to acquire and (d) a reasonably detailed statement of the benefits such Requesting Person expects to be received the Company and the other stockholders of the Company were the exemption to be granted.  The Independent Directors shall make a determination whether to grant an exemption in response to an Exemption Request as promptly as practicable (and, in any event, within ten-Business Days) after receipt thereof; provided, that the failure of the Independent Directors to make a determination within such period shall be deemed to constitute the denial by the Independent Directors of the Exemption Request.  The Independent Directors may deny an Exemption Request if the Independent Directors determine, in their sole discretion, that the acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock by the Requesting Person could jeopardize or endanger the value to the Company of the NOLs or for whatever other reason they deem reasonable, desirable or appropriate.  Any exemption granted hereunder may be granted in whole or in part, and may be subject to limitations or conditions (including a requirement that the Requesting Person agree that it will not acquire Beneficial Ownership of shares of Common Stock in excess of the maximum number and percentage of shares approved by the Independent Directors or that it will not make another Exemption Request), in each case as and to the extent the Independent Directors shall determine necessary, desirable or appropriate.

Determinations and Actions by the Independent Directors.  The Independent Directors shall have the exclusive power and authority to administer this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically granted to the Independent Directors, or as may be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Agreement, including the right and power to (a) interpret the provisions of this Agreement and (b) make all determinations and computations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not to redeem the Rights or to amend this Agreement) or to grant or not grant an Exemption Request.  All such actions, calculations, interpretations and determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below, all omissions with respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Independent Directors in good faith shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, the holders of the Rights and all other parties, and (y) not subject any member of the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights or to any other Person.

Benefits of this Agreement.  Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give to any person or corporation other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the shares of Common Stock of the Company) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Stock of the Company).

Severability.  If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by such court or authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Independent Directors determine in its good faith judgment that severing the invalid, void or unenforceable language from the Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or effect of this Agreement, the redemption right in Section 20 shall be reinstated and shall not expire until the Close of Business on the tenth day following the date of such determination by the Independent Directors; provided, further, if any such excluded term, provision, covenant or restriction shall adversely affect the rights, immunities, duties or obligations of the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall be entitled to resign immediately.

Choice of Law.  This Agreement, the Rights, the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and Preferred Stock will be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware that are applicable to contracts made in and performed solely in Delaware.

Enforcement.

Any dispute arising under, related to or otherwise involving this Agreement, the Rights the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and the Preferred Stock will be litigated in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware.  The parties hereto agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and waive trial by jury.  The parties hereto do not consent to mediate any disputes before the Court of Chancery.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if there is a determination that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction over any dispute arising under this Agreement, the parties hereto agree that: (i) such dispute will be adjudicated only by, and will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of, the Superior Court of Delaware of and for the County of New Castle; (ii) if such Superior Court of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction over such dispute, then such dispute will be adjudicated only by, and will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of, the Complex Commercial Litigation Division of the Superior Court of the State of Delaware of and for the County of Newcastle; and (iii) if such Complex Commercial Litigation Division of the Superior Court of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction over such dispute, then such dispute will be adjudicated only by, and will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of, the United States District Court for the State of Delaware.

Each of the parties irrevocably (i) consents to submit itself to the personal jurisdiction of the Delaware courts in connection with any dispute arising under this Agreement, (ii) agrees that it will not attempt to deny or defeat such personal jurisdiction by motion or other request for relief from the Delaware courts or any other court or governmental body and (iii) agrees that it will not bring any action arising under this Agreement in any court other than the Delaware courts.  EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, THE NEGOTIATION OR ENFORCEMENT HEREOF OR THE RIGHTS.

Process may be served in the manner specified in Section 23.1, such service will deemed effective on the date of such notice.

Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.  A signature to this Agreement executed and/or transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect, and enforceability as an original signature.

Construction and Interpretation.  When a reference is made in this Agreement to a section or an article, such reference will be to a section or article of this Agreement, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary.  Whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement they will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”.  The words “hereof,” “herein” and “herewith” and words of similar import will, unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and article and section references are references to the articles and sections of this Agreement, unless otherwise specified.  The plural of any defined term will have a meaning correlative to such defined term and words denoting any gender will include all genders and the neuter.  Where a word or phrase is defined herein, each of its other grammatical forms will have a corresponding meaning.  A reference to any legislation or to any provision of any legislation will include any modification, amendment, re-enactment thereof, any legislative provision substituted therefore and all rules, regulations and statutory instruments issued or related to such legislation.  If any ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement will be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof will arise favoring or disfavoring any party hereto by virtue of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement.  No prior draft of this Agreement will be used in the interpretation or construction of this Agreement.  Headings are used for convenience only and will not in any way affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

Force Majeure.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be liable for any delay or failure in performance resulting from any act or event beyond its reasonable control that causes a sudden, substantial or widespread disruption in business activities, including fire, flood, natural disaster or act of God, strike or other industrial disturbance, war (declared or undeclared), embargo, blockade, legal restriction, riot, insurrection, act of terrorism, disruption in transportation, communications, electric power or other utilities, or other vital infrastructure or any means of disrupting or damaging internet or other computer networks or facilities, shortage of supply or loss of data to power failure or mechanical difficulties with information storage or retrieval systems (each, a “Force Majeure Condition”); provided, that the delayed or non-performing party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to resume performance as soon as practicable.  If any Force Majeure Condition occurs, such party delayed or non- performing party shall give prompt written notice to the other party, stating the nature of the Force Majeure Condition and any action being taken to avoid or minimize its effect.