On July 19, 2023, the board of directors (the Board) established the position of Lead Independent Director and amended our Corporate Governance Guidelines to set forth the duties and responsibilities of the position. The Lead Independent Director’s primary duties and responsibilities include presiding over all meetings of the Board at which the Chairman of the Board is not present, including any executive sessions of the independent directors; calling separate meetings of the independent directors, if needed; providing feedback on Board meeting schedules and agendas; acting as the liaison between the independent directors and the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board; providing the Chairman of the Board with feedback and counsel regarding the Chairman’s interactions with the Board; providing the Chairman of the Board and management with feedback on the quality, quantity, and timeliness of information provided to the Board; responding to stockholder questions that are directed to the Lead Independent Director or the independent directors as a group; and such other functions and responsibilities as requested by the Board from time to time. James A. Bristol, Ph.D. was selected unanimously by the independent directors of the Board to serve as the Company’s first Lead Independent Director, with an initial term that will expire at our 2025 Annual Meeting and Dr. Bristol may be considered for re-appointment thereafter. Dr. Bristol will continue to serve as a member of the Board’s compensation committee and nominating and governance committee.